{"id":2930,"date":"2015-09-10T19:47:33","date_gmt":"2015-09-10T16:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/?p=2930"},"modified":"2015-11-05T17:39:24","modified_gmt":"2015-11-05T15:39:24","slug":"introducere-in-terminologia-printarii-3d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/introducere-in-terminologia-printarii-3d\/","title":{"rendered":"Introducere in terminologia printarii 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/a2NEk5f6icg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 v-a\u021bi sim\u021bit vreodat\u0103 cople\u0219i\u021bi de abunden\u021ba de termeni \u0219i expresii legate de imprimarea 3D, Angus de pe canalul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCxQbYGpbdrh-b2ND-AfIybg\">Maker&#8217;s Muse<\/a>\u00a0a f\u0103cut un clip foarte informativ \u00een care explic\u0103 din termenii \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi adeseori \u00een lumea print\u0103rii 3D; \u00een special cea folosind tehnologia aditiv\u0103 FDM (filament deposition manufacturing) &#8211; cea mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 tehnologie a printarii 3D. Am tradus mai jos termenii, dac\u0103 nu dori\u021bi sau nu ave\u021bi cum s\u0103 urm\u0103ri\u021bi clipul.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hot End<\/strong> &#8211; Ansamblul responsabil cu printarea efectiv\u0103 a pieselor \u00eentr-un printer 3D. Este compus din:<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2935 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/PRINT-HEAD.jpg\" alt=\"tehnologia printarii 3d\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/PRINT-HEAD.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/PRINT-HEAD-175x175.jpg 175w, https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/PRINT-HEAD-70x70.jpg 70w, https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/PRINT-HEAD-345x345.jpg 345w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Heater Block<\/strong> (elementul de \u00eenc\u0103lzire) &#8211; un bloc de aluminiu cu un element de \u00eenc\u0103lzire integrat, \u0219i un senzor de temperatur\u0103 &#8211; este responsabil cu topirea filamentului.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Nozzle<\/strong> (duz\u0103) &#8211; element metalic cu o gaur\u0103 mic\u0103 la cap\u0103t prin care plasticul topit iese \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 controlat\u0103<\/p>\n<p><strong>Extruder<\/strong> &#8211; Motor care \u00eempinge filamentul \u00een Hot End. Poate fi de dou\u0103 feluri:\u00a0<strong>Direct Driven<\/strong>, pozi\u021bionat pe capul de printare \u00een sine, sau de tip\u00a0<strong>Bowden<\/strong>, care st\u0103 prins de \u0219asiul printerului \u0219i \u00eempinge filamentul printr-un tub de teflon.<\/p>\n<p><b>Extruder Gear<\/b> (Angrenajul extruderului) &#8211; mecanism cu ro\u021bi din\u021bate antrenat de c\u0103tre extruder, care prinde filamentul \u0219i \u00eel \u00eempinge c\u0103tre Hot End.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stepper Motor\u00a0<\/strong>(motor pas-cu-pas) &#8211; motoare electrice care pot fi controlate \u00een pa\u0219i mici perfec\u021bi pentru mi\u0219c\u0103ri de precizie. Exist\u0103 variante care \u00ee\u0219i \u021bin pozi\u021bia pe ax, dar acestea sunt foarte scumpe \u0219i nu se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc dec\u00e2t pe imprimante 3D foarte scumpe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Axis\u00a0<\/strong>(Ax\u0103) &#8211; O imprimant\u0103 3D lucreaz\u0103 \u00een trei dimensiuni (de aici \u0219i 3D-ul din nume). Axa X de obicei se refer\u0103 la mi\u0219carea st\u00e2nga-dreapta, Y este pentru mi\u0219c\u0103ri fa\u021b\u0103-spate \u0219i Z este pentru mi\u0219carea \u00een plan vertical (sus-jos).<\/p>\n<p><b>(Heated) Build Plate<\/b>\u00a0[platform\u0103 de printare (\u00eenc\u0103lzit\u0103)] &#8211; Suprafa\u021ba pe care capul de printat va construi obiectul. Variantele \u00eenc\u0103lzite ajut\u0103 s\u0103 previn\u0103 deformarea obiectelor printate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Timing Belts and Pulleys\u00a0<\/strong>(Curele \u0219i\u00a0role) &#8211; Transform\u0103 rota\u021bia motoarelor pas-cu-pas \u00een mi\u0219care ce direc\u021bioneaz\u0103 capul de printare \u00een locul potrivit. Curelele sunt prev\u0103zute cu din\u021bi pentru a preveni alunec\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ACME Screws\/Ball Screws\u00a0<\/strong>(\u0218urub cu bil\u0103) &#8211; folosit \u00een principal pentru axa Z, permit o precizie mult mai mare \u00een mi\u0219care dec\u00e2t curelele. Imprimantele mai scumpe beneficiaz\u0103 de aceast\u0103 tehnologie pe toate axele.<\/p>\n<p><b>ABS Juice<\/b> (Zeam\u0103 ABS) &#8211; Plastic ABS dizolvat \u00een aceton\u0103, folosit pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi aderarea pe platforma de printare. Odat\u0103 aplicat, acetona se dizolv\u0103 \u0219i las\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103 un strat foarte fin de ABS de care obiectul printat va adera. Astfel se poate previne deformarea modelelor printate. Este util \u00een special la printuri de mari dimensiuni. Av\u00e2nd aceton\u0103 \u00een compozi\u021bie, este u\u0219or toxic \u0219i este important s\u0103 evit\u0103m inhalarea \u0219i contactul cu pielea. Evident c\u0103 nu este bun de b\u0103ut.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Filament<\/strong> &#8211; O rol\u0103 ce con\u021bine o s\u00e2rm\u0103 lung\u0103 de material de diametru 1,75 sau 3 mm. Materialul reprezint\u0103 materia prim\u0103 din care se construiesc obiectele 3D. Cel mai \u00eent\u00e2lnit material este plasticul PLA sau ABS, \u0219i vine \u00eentr-o varietate mare de culori.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heated Build Chamber<\/strong> (Incint\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzit\u0103 de construc\u021bie) &#8211; Imprimantele de top au spa\u021biul de imprimare \u00eenchis \u00eentr-o incint\u0103 \u00eenchis\u0103 pentru a re\u021bine c\u0103ldura. Spa\u021biul \u00eenchis de obicei \u00eenseamn\u0103 o calitate mai bun\u0103 a imprim\u0103rii \u0219i deform\u0103ri reduse. Incinta poate fi \u00eenc\u0103lzit\u0103 pasiv (de c\u0103tre platforma de printare) sau activ, folosind elemente adi\u021bionale de \u00eenc\u0103lzire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Warping<\/strong> (Deformare) &#8211; C\u00e2nd un print \u00eencepe s\u0103 se ridice de pe platform\u0103 \u00een timp ce se printeaz\u0103 se cheam\u0103 c\u0103 printul s-a deformat \u0219i devine un e\u0219ec. Deform\u0103rile apar c\u00e2nd obiectul printat se r\u0103ce\u0219te prea repede \u0219i neuniform iar plasticul se mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 arbitrar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sag<\/strong> (\u00cencovoiere) &#8211; C\u00e2nd printul se r\u0103ce\u0219te prea \u00eencet \u0219i \u00eencepe s\u0103 se lase din cauza gravita\u021biei. Acest fenomen apare \u00een special c\u00e2nd temperaturile sunt prea ridicate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Raft<\/strong> (Plut\u0103, mot-a-mot; noi tot Raft \u00eei spunem) &#8211; O platform\u0103 care poate fi construit\u0103 sub obiectul pe care dorim s\u0103 \u00eel print\u0103m. Ajut\u0103 la aderarea pe platforma de imprimat \u0219i este esen\u021bial\u0103 dac\u0103 platforma nu este neted\u0103, dar cre\u0219te timpul \u0219i costul de printare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PTFE Tube<\/strong> (Tub de teflon) &#8211; Este un tub cu un coeficient de frecare foarte mic, folosit pentru a ghida filamentul din rol\u0103 \u00een capul de printat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Build Envelope\u00a0<\/strong>(Volum de printare) &#8211; Este volumul maxim de printare de care printerul este capabil, de regul\u0103 afi\u0219at pe coordonatele X\/Y\/Z. De exemplu, un Ultimaker 2 apare ca av\u00e2nd un volum de printare de\u00a0223 x 223 x 205 mm.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sper\u00e2nd c\u0103 acest articol v-a fost de folos, v\u0103 \u00eencuraj\u0103m s\u0103 urm\u0103ri\u021bi \u00een continuare canalul <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/TheMakersMuse\/videos\">Maker&#8217;s Muse<\/a> pe YouTube deoarece reprezint\u0103 o surs\u0103 de informa\u021bii foarte utile, sfaturi \u0219i recenzii \u00een domeniul print\u0103rii 3D.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dac\u0103 v-a\u021bi sim\u021bit vreodat\u0103 cople\u0219i\u021bi de abunden\u021ba de termeni \u0219i expresii legate de imprimarea 3D, Angus de pe canalul Maker&#8217;s Muse\u00a0a f\u0103cut un clip foarte informativ \u00een care explic\u0103 din termenii \u00eent\u00e2lni\u021bi adeseori \u00een lumea print\u0103rii 3D; \u00een special cea folosind tehnologia aditiv\u0103 FDM (filament deposition manufacturing) &#8211; cea mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 tehnologie a printarii<span class=\"footnote\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/introducere-in-terminologia-printarii-3d\/\" class=\"read-more\">citeste tot<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false},"categories":[185,205,14,168,163],"tags":[165,226,223,201,179,164,222,233],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2930"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2930"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2930\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fablab.ro\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}